I work for an ISP helping customers with issues.
This particular issue presented a few months ago and I've helped literally hundreds of customers with various brands of Mobile Handsets and different versions of Android over this period.
The only solution that I've ever found is to configure the customer's account in the GMAIL app instead.
I was gleeful that I never had this problem until a couple of days ago.
I have 4 IMAP email accounts configured in Outlook for Android which have only become problematic two days ago.
I have obviously tried everything from re-installing the app and configuring from scratch, trying both automatic settings and manual settings using the various port and mail server settings my ISP has available but although I can still receive emails I'm
no longer able to send.
Using the exact same settings in the GMAIL app mail can be successfully sent and received.
My outlook.com email address continues to function perfectly.
As this has been ongoing for months and as Microsoft is clearly aware of the issue, it's clearly a problem that MS have zero interest in fixing