Yikes... I noticed this quite recently, the last few 4-5 weeks, but it finally became intolerable this week. After throwing every app in the world under the bus it turned out it was the Outlook.com App draining 20% of the battery on my Galaxy S7 Edge. Keeping
my phone warm and pegging the CPU. I gotta say there has to be a bug here. I have had it or its predecessor for years.
Although it's a nice looking app it's redundant for me. I only used it to get around the problem of my Samsung/Android e-mail constantly notifying me about new junk mail if I dared to open that folder using the built in mail.
Maybe one day it will be fixed.
EDIT: Just as an aside. It appears I had two different outlook apps installed. Outlook and Outlook.com. I can't remember which one replaced the other, but they are both gone now.