This worked for me too - have been battling with this issue on and off for weeks, so very glad to have finally solved it. Thank you!
Worth noting, I also received the below errors before I messed things up enough to get the TPM error, so if you're seeing the below, Susan's reg fix might be the one for you - it really comes down to if MFA has been enabled on your Office 365 logon or not.
As usual with vague Microsoft errors though, there's also potentially a few thousand other things the below could be:
"Cannot start Microsoft Outlook. Cannot open the Outlook window. The set of folders cannot be opened. You must connect to Microsoft exchange with the current profile you can synchronize your folders with your outlook file (.ost)."
Thanks again!