Organizing and accessing contact information in Outlook.com
We were having want looked like same problem. Add contact on iphone then search on outlook pc. No contact found. We discovered that search had an option on the upper left of options bar to search “all contacts”, the default for us was search “current folder”. We selected search “all contacts” in search and there it was. Not sure what folder the iphone sync put the contact in but “all folders” found it for us. The contact was there we just did not have correct settings to see it.