Using Outlook for Android in business environments for email and scheduling
And I had this problem and found that in my case the problem was caused by the microsoft authenticator application.
That is if I install microsoft authenticator, I can not configure Outlook, nor Teams on my mobile phone.
I have to install Outlook and the Teams first and then the Autenticator. I hope I have helped.
I had the same issue and this resolved it...thanks for posting.