Using Outlook for Android in business environments for email and scheduling
My regret is that Microsoft and the Android clan haven't been able to do what Apple did--make it easy for people to accomplish something that most of us would like to be able to do--which is sync their calendars across platforms.
Just for the sake of accuracy - Apple provided a solution for Outlook to connect to iCloud (their proprietary service).
Android is a "platform" - not an <email account> type - in other words, there's no such thing as an <Android> email account. The <email client> used by any Android device connects to an <email account> using a specific protocol which governs what is and isn't sync'd.
Additionally, if all you have is a POP or IMAP account, then there is no universal sync protocol for contacts/calendar regardless of vendor/device. Or to put this another way, contact/calendar data is governed by the email service provider - not the <email client> vendor whether that's Apple or Microsoft - in short, what you want is a universal standard for ALL email providers in terms of contact/calendar data which doesn't exist. Android (the platform) was purchased by Google in 2007, however, Android is "open source" so any manufacturer running Android on their device can modify it to taste (which has nothing to do with having a universal contact/calendar protocol that is email provider agnostic).