Wow, that was really fast. I am impressed. You managed to fix my problem. I didn't have to do anything and it is syncing again in both ways.
But I also noticed, that you have probably deleted some index or cache, so my phone just downloaded the whole contacts database from outlook.com again, which overrode my new contacts (and some changes), that were entered on the phone and not yet synced.
I really hope this is the last time this problem accured, because I cannot pay attention all the time, if the contacts are syncing correctly in the background. I just like to edit my contacts when I'm on the road... that's the reason why I do not like to use
Outlook.com App (there you cannot edit contacts).
Otherwise, my phone is updated and with no special costumizatons.
Kernel version: 3.4.0-g5b052b2-00814-g976ab37 BuildUser@BuildHost ) ) #1 SMP PREEMPT Wed Apr 17 12:43:13 2013
Thank you and best regards.