Additional chat-related features and issues within Microsoft Teams for business
I believe this is part of the most recent Teams update. over 300 users at my company have experienced this after the update. This is not a 1 off issue.
So its either a bug they need to fix or a change Microsoft made to try and make Teams looks more seamless but with the loss of a function that a lot of users like. The only way for the bar to show back up temporarily is to scroll with a mouse or scroll with the touch pad.