Additional features, settings, or issues not covered by specific Microsoft Teams categories
I was able to go into System Preferences, then SECURITY AND PRIVACY, Then SCREEN RECORDING. I had to click on the lock on the bottom to be able to make changes, but after clicking beside MS Teams, I closed out the System Preferences... then closed out MS Teams (had to make sure to "quit" TEAMS and restart it. After doing all of this I was able to share my screen.
I hope this helps.