I had this problem for a while, usually only when at the office but sometimes at home too.
I realized today that it happens when I have a second screen connected (which I seldomly do at home). As soon as I disconnect the second screen, the CPU usage comes back to a reasonable level.
And it's not just a matter of having the second screen connected, it's more intricate. The graph below shows an example of the processor load during a Teams meeting with ~10 people, 4 of which have their camera on. (I have a MacBook Pro mid-2015 running Monterey.) Before point 1, the laptop is not connected to the second screen. At point 1, I connect the second screen; still normal usage. At point 2, I drag Teams to the second screen; still normal. In the mean time, I start Firefox and overlap the Teams window; no unexpected increase in the CPU load. At point 3, I drag back the Teams window to the laptop screen; CPU starts pedalling hard. At point 4, I disconnect the second screen; CPU gets slowly back to normal.
All that to say that a workaround that seems to work for me is to disconnect the second screen, at least temporarily. Hope it helps.
