I just fixed mine (was on mac using Chrome Incognito)! To fix yours:
Visit that landing page's site settings (microsoft.com) and change it's permissions so that anything that's set to "Block" is changed to "Allow" instead.
To do this in Chrome, paste this into your chrome browser: chrome://settings/content/siteDetails?site=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com
(or while on any microsoft.com page like that landing page, click the settings symbol to the left of the url in the address bar and then click "site settings".)
I don't know for certain which permission(s) fixed it but I think you may only need to enable or Allow "Pop Ups & Redirects",
but it could have been any one of these permissions that I changed from "Block" to "Allow":
- Notifications
- Pop Ups & Redirects
- Intrusive Ads
- Insecure Content
- Third Party Sign-in
- Window Management
The above may have only helped me login to my hotmail (set up a passcode) in Incognito Chrome browser. Turns out I still had trouble outside of Incognito... so then I went and deleted all of the microsoft site data and was able to login outside of Chrome.