I have an updated workaround that can be found in this thread:
Long story short:
Bluetooth chipset manufacturers like Qualcomm don't release the drivers for their devices themselves. The integrator (Lenovo, HP, Dell) has to test, package and release those. In my case Lenovo is just lazy and does not release the newer driver versions that are made available to them by Qualcomm. I found a driver packaged by HP that is working for my device which kind of fixed the issue. Still not optimal (robot voices due to wrongly selected audio output device by windows), but improved (at least useable) compared to the situation before. I already complained with Lenovo but as usual: Nobody is responsible on their side *sic
You can be sure, that my next Notebook will be again an Intel platform device, as Intel releases their own drivers and is pretty darn quick and clean with those.