and File Explorer could navigate, add, delete, etc past the 300 character mark.
File Explorer in Windows 10 and Windows 11 has always been able to navigate a long path, regardless of the LongPathsEnabled setting. But, AFAIK, it has never been able to edit a long path.
Just to confirm, I ran a test on 23H2 Build 22631.2361.
With LongPathsEnabled set to 0 I get an error (as expected) when trying to CD to a path that exceeds 260 characters:

With LongPathsEnabled set to 1 I am able to CD to the bottom of the long path (it's greater than 600 characters). This proves that my LongPathsEnabled setting is valid and effective for applications, such as Cmd, that support it.

Now let's try File Explorer...
I can navigate a long path:

But if I try to create a folder at the end of that long path, I will always get this error:

But you stated that Explorer, on your computer, can be used to add or delete a long path. Can you please check that again by trying the same test I did? That is, try to create a folder at the bottom of the long path folder tree.
Thanks.