I am experiencing identical problems in installing this KB5007651 update on W11 Home, ASUS 64-bit laptop.
I've tried all the usual stuff (DISM, SFC, troubleshooter, resetting downloads etc.) but none of that works. I can, however, hide the update,
for the time being.
I note with interest the "Windows Security" suggestions. I'm running Bitdefender on the ASUS, and when I go to Settings>Privacy and Security>Windows Security and "Open Windows Security", I get the "You'll need a new app to open this windowsdefender link" message, and "Look for an app in the Microsoft store". Look there, and there ain't no such app.
Of course, on my W10 Pro desktop machine, also running Bitdefender, Windows Security shows me Protection Areas and Security at a Glance i.e. it works properly. Another reason not to go anywhere near the flawed, untested and useless W11 on my W10 desktop, and a source of regret that I allowed it on my laptop.
My laptop is a "production machine" with real data and applications (non-Microsoft) on it, and if anyone comes up with the suggestion to reinstall W11 on it and lose my apps, I shall be really annoyed. As usual, the silence from Microsoft is deafening.