I've not experienced Windows Update failing to install new drivers that Windows later goes on to install in the background so I can't replicate this specific problem. I'm surprised to read that it's even possible.
On my laptop what I did was a totally fresh Win 11 installation (using the Windows Media Creation Tool) and then installed the Dell drivers then the AMD Radeon Drivers then ran Windows Update manually and it went ahead and installed it's own old Windows Update drivers. I was able to blacklist those drivers as described earlier in the thread and the problem has never returned for me.
I shouldn't have needed to jump through these hoops in the first place but I suspect it's because Microsoft wants to give OEMs (such as Dell and HP etc) greater control to not have 'untested by the OEM' drivers used on these OEM devices.