I had the same issue with my Dell XPS 15 (Upgraded to Windows 11 and my headphones stopped working). I Googled "Dell support", downloaded Dell's SupportAssist. SupportAssist scanned my laptop and found 9 software updates, RealTek Audio was classified as an "Urgent" update. I let it install all of the updates, rebooted, and my headphone-jack works normally again.
Uninstalling/installing via Device Manager didn't work at all. Windows just re-installed the same bad drivers.