I've got exactly the same problem - all my taskbar icons show after a system re-start, but some are not visible after the system comes back from "sleep". The empty tiles are still in their correct position, and when I left click the blank tile, the icon re-appears and the program launches. Also, its not every tile, because some of them still are showing the icon. I'm running Windows 11 22H2, having upgraded from Windows 10 about three weeks ago. Everything was working fine until about a day ago - but now its happening regularly. I don't know if it matters, but I switched all the Taskbar icons to the left, to look like Windows 10. I'm running a Dell XPS 8930 with a Nvidia GTX1660 Ti. Everything is up-to date. To me, everything points to a bug in Windows - but if anyone can give advice I'd be very grateful. This never happened to me in Windows 10 ............
You described my situation perfectly. Wake from sleep, Dell XPS and Nvidia video card. Restarting windows explorer fixes it until the next time it happens.