I haven't found any more on the NET but a clean install/reset for a cure. I want to compare the architecture (64-bit/x64 or 32-bit/x86) of your computer to the that of your Win 10 Installation USB. If they are different, it might explain the strange behavior of DISM/SFC. Does SystemType match the reported Architecture...?...
DISM /Get-Wiminfo /Wimfile:D:\Sources\Install.esd /Index:6
WMIC ComputerSystem GET Manufacturer, Model, SystemType
But that could only be an issue when running from the USB (repair your computer). If running from the internal recovery environment (Advanced Options button of a crash screen), the architecture has to be the right one.
I don't know where to go from here. And I don't see a solution dropping from the sky.
C:\WINDOWS\system32>DISM /Get-Wiminfo /Wimfile:e:\Sources\Install.esd /index:1
Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
Version: 10.0.19041.844
Details for image : e:\Sources\Install.esd
Index : 1
Name : Windows 10 Home
Description : Windows 10 Home
Size : 14,826,317,709 bytes
WIM Bootable : No
Architecture : x64
Hal : <undefined>
Version : 10.0.19041
ServicePack Build : 1288
ServicePack Level : 0
Edition : Core
Installation : Client
ProductType : WinNT
ProductSuite : Terminal Server
System Root : WINDOWS
Directories : 26592
Files : 98251
Created : 10/6/2021 - 10:09:22 AM
Modified : 11/21/2021 - 11:24:28 PM
Languages :
en-US (Default)
The operation completed successfully.
C:\WINDOWS\system32>wmic computersystem get manufacturer, model, systemtype
Manufacturer Model SystemType
Dell Inc. Inspiron 3542 x64-based PC