It may be caused by OneDrive. Try removing your Desktop from OneDrive syncing or disable OneDrive altogether if you're not using it. See the following links for more details:
How do I stop renamed files from moving to upper left corner
A few months ago I switched to a new laptop, then immediately downloaded windows upgrade on it, so I don't know which factor causes this. But ever since, every time I rename a file on the desktop, windows immediately moves the file to the upper left corner of the screen, or the nearest open space to this point. This is confusing when I'm trying to keep track of and arrange my desktop files in some other way, and I have to keep moving the file back to where I want it.
Windows for home | Windows 11 | Files, folders, and storage
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Anonymous
2023-01-20T03:29:01+00:00 I have a onedrive folder, but syncing is already turned off. I suppose I could uninstall it, but since at least one person on the first link says changing onedrive didn't solve this problem, I have doubts that this is behind the issue I'm having without more explanation.
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Les Ferch 10,361 Reputation points Volunteer Moderator
2023-01-20T03:45:37+00:00 I have a onedrive folder, but syncing is already turned off. I suppose I could uninstall it, but since at least one person on the first link says changing onedrive didn't solve this problem, I have doubts that this is behind the issue I'm having without more explanation.
Weird. OneDrive is the only thing that keeps popping up as the cause:
https://www.reddit.com/r/Windows10/comments/lowpvq/why_does_windows_10_move_desktop_objects_to_the/
Some suggest unchecking "Allow themes to change desktop icons", but I would expect that has to do with changing how icons look as opposed to their position. But it couldn't hurt to try. Reference here:
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Anonymous
2023-01-20T04:10:22+00:00 Ok, I simply uninstalled onedrive--no loss since I've never used it--and the files still move upon renaming. Incidentally, renamed folders don't move, just files.