Barbara, I'm sorry it didn't work for you. The contacts on my phone have been transferred from 4 different phones and 3 different computers over the years. I like your practice of solely using Outlook and then synchronizing your phone but it's too late for me.
I would think if you entered all your contacts in Outlook (Microsoft) that it would be compatible with Phone Link (Microsoft) as well, but that makes too much sense.
Anyway, for some folks, it might help to go to your phone contacts app and delete and reenter their mobile phone numbers. It worked for me immediately without the need to specifically resync. It was an instantaneous update on Phone Link making me think Phone Link was communicating in real time with my phone contacts app. I have no idea if the update was processed through Microsoft servers, my Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or some other connection.
I wonder if I can ask AI chat to fix my stuff!