Can't connect Galaxy S20+ to Windows 10 PC - "We're having issues authenticating your devices"

I'm trying to link my Galaxy S20+ to my Windows 10 PC via the Your Phone Windows app and am getting the following error as soon as I select "Android" and click Continue: 

In the Link to Windows settings on my phone, I click "Add computer" and scan the QR code, which takes me to this endless loading screen that says - "Check your PC - We're checking one more thing on your PC before we ask for a final permission":

Additionally, when I click "Done" on my PC, it also has an endless loading wheel.

Both my phone and PC are connected to the same WiFi network.

Troubleshooting I've tried:

• Restarted my PC
• Restarted my phone
• Logged into my Microsoft account in the browser and removed my linked phone
• Clicked the Repair button in the Your Phone app settings on my PC
• Clicked the Reset button in the Your Phone app settings on my PC
• Clicked the Terminate button in the Your Phone app settings on my PC
• Uninstalled Your Phone via Powershell and reinstalled it on my PC
• Updated my drivers on my PC
• Allowed Your Phone to run in background on my PC
• Turned on Share Across Devices on my PC
• Disabled Battery Saver on my PC
• Force Stopped, Cleared Cache, and Cleared Data for Your Phone Companion on my phone
• Removed the Your Phone Companion Microsoft account from Link to Windows settings on my phone
• Turned on notifications for Your Phone on my phone
• Turned on Your Phone under Accessibility settings on my phone
• Made sure that Airplane Mode, Do Not Disturb, and networking metering are all turned off in my phone
• Reset network settings in my phone
• Went into my router settings and set my DNS servers to 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4
• Performed an in-place "Upgrade Now" Windows re-install

Any help would be appreciated!