Hi,
I think you've taken my suggestion literally when you changed/booted the system.
Removing F: was from the previous pictures that had F: on System partition.
So if you reboot with USB. The drive letter should reappear.
Check out what the 97Gb partition letter is then do the
DISM /image:{97 gb Windows drive}:\ /CleanUp-Image /RestoreHealth
{97 gb Windows drive} is the letter you found to be where Windows is.