Same problem, steps for my resolution:
- Android phone: Settings -> Apps -> Link to Windows -> Permissions -> Turn off "Contacts" (slider color changes from blue to grey)
- Desktop PC: Open Outlook desktop app -> Contacts -> under My Contacts in the left pane, right click "Contacts - Link to Windows" and select delete
Duplicates removed, original contacts good, phone removed all duplicate contacts in a few minutes immediately thereafter. Problem resolved.
How this passed Microsoft's QA is puzzling.
17Apr2023 update: Considering the volume of issues everyone has posted, I poked around a bit more and discovered that setting a synchronization filter helped a lot - like 0 (zero) contacts in the "<name> Galaxy S8 (contacts synced by Link to Windows)" file and my correct quantity of (no duplicate) Contacts while Phone Link appears to work well. My steps: Open Outlook desktop. Click on Contacts to display my regular/normal list of contacts in the Contacts file plus the file entitled "<name> Galaxy S8 (contacts synced by Link to Windows)", Right click the Link to Windows file. Select Properties, then the Synchronization tab, then Filter. Add a filter. In my case, I tried two different filters with the same result of zero contacts in the "Link to Windows" file: 1) Enter my last name in the Search for the word(s) field, then Apply; or, 2) Click on "More Choices", then enter a criterion that will exclude all contacts. The result in both cases were zero contacts in the "Link to Windows" file, no unusual behavior with the rest of my contacts and no duplicates. Note that I did not check Outlook web yet.