An update to my earlier post: not fixed... :(
I have now installed Outlook - Microsoft 365 (Family) 64-bit client and connected to my outlook.com account to try to delete the contacts from there (ALL contacts; my actual contacts are safe in my Google account). This did display the new Category under synced Contacts named 'David's S23+ (contacts synced by Link to Windows)' and I was able to select and delete it....
...so, in the Desktop client, the duplicated contacts (and Category) have now gone (after double checking desktop sync had worked, and deleting, reinstalling & reconnecting to my account), HOWEVER, they have NOT gone from my Outlook.com web account and are still stuck there with the only way to manually delete being a few at a time.
My hope is that the sync may take some time to complete across all cloud servers (maybe overnight??), as this seemed to work for Fredrik70 in a possible solution post earlier in the thread (thanks), but am concerned these may now just be orphaned objects only actionable from the outlook.com web client :(
Will post an update tomorrow if any changes...Thanks to everyone who has posted so far with this problem.