I had the same problem (black screen forever, with just the cursor, but able to bring up task manager)
As another datapoint, I got around this by using the keyboard to select "always on top" for the task manager. Then, when I got the black screen, and brought up the task manager, it would stay open.
I noticed there were 14 tasks running under "Search" - which seemed weird. I ended that task group from task manager, and Poof, the normal windows desktop came up. Like I said though, this is just one more datapoint, and there's no guarantee this works for anyone else.
The only nonstandard thing about my windows 11 system is that is is a dell 8300 desktop - no TPM and not officially supported by windows 11, and I used a workaround (Rufus) to get windows 11 on it - and so windows update doesn't work (as expected) this is just until I can afford to upgrade HW.
Given that I know I intentionally sacrificed windows update, and it is an unsupported system I assumed the black screen was my own fault, but seeing as how many other people have the issues, maybe it isn't. In any case, the above work around worked for me (ending the big group of search tasks on startup, after making task manager "always on top")
Good luck out there.
(Former Microsoft Employee from the roaring '90s)