On your (Android) phone, even if you send something to the archive or spam folder they will be gone from your phone messages. On the PC in Phone Link they will still be in the list of messages and you can't delete them.
On the phone, in Google Messages (I don't know about Samsung or other default messages app) when you see the list of messages, at the top, next to the magnifying glass is a little icon of a person. Click on that and it will take you to a menu where you can select Archive and Spam messages. (Swiping left or right on a message will archive it.)
(I miss Pogo's wisdom)