I had the same issue and I found a way around it.
On my old phone, I performed a backup of my accounts (Top right menu > Settings > Cloud Backup).
Then on my new phone:
- I forced-stop Authenticator (Settings > Applications > Authenticator > Force stop)
- For good measure, I also flushed the cache for Authenticator (in the same section as the Force stop option)
- I then used Edge to log on to my Microsoft account and then immediately log out. No reason why you couldn't use Chrome to do that as well
- I also made sure to force-stop any other Microsoft application that might be running at the time and using my Microsoft credentials (in my case, both Outlook and Teams)
- I started Authenticator again, and it was as if I had freshly installed it. After asking me to allow/disallow notifications and sending logs to MS, it offered me to log on to my account, but at the bottom of the screen there was an option to restore from a backup
- I followed the instructions, and all my accounts wound up transferred to the new device.
Hope this may help someone.