Thanks for the screenshot. Please try the following:
Method 1: Run the Windows update troubleshooter
Click the Start Menu> Go to settings(gear icon) > System > Troubleshoot > Other troubleshooters.
Next, under Most Frequent, select Windows Update and click on Run > Follow the screen prompt
Method 2: Reset Windows Components
Enter "Command Prompt" into the Windows search box, then right-click and select "Run as administrator" to proceed. After the Command Prompt opens, input the following commands and press Enter after each:
net stop bits
net stop wuauserv
net stop appidsvc
net stop cryptsvc
Ren C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution.old
Ren C:\Windows\System32\catroot2 Catroot2.old
net start bits
net start wuauserv
net start appidsvc
net start cryptsvc
Restart your PC then try to update again.
Method 3: Download and install the KB5036980 directly from the Microsoft Update Catalog:
Look for 2024-04 Cumulative Update Preview for Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems (KB5036980) from the result and hit download then install.
https://catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.asp...
Thank you.