I am having the same issue after updating to 24H2. My Windows 11 Pro (23H2) is activated *not* with a digital license, despite being able to see the device as one of my devices in my online Microsoft account.
I updated to 24H2 tonight, and got the error that Windows is no longer activated. Went through the troubleshooter (didn't work).
I requested a callback, and surprisingly someone called after midnight Eastern! The agent said to rollback to 23H2 and turn off updates for the "next few days" since it appears they are aware of the problem.
No further information was given, but he said if you experience this, roll back to the prior version for now while their engineers work on the problem.
It appears there is some sort of glitch they're aware of, if the support agents are telling you to rollback for now and to pause the updates.