@Jay,
I have one computer that was upgraded from Windows 8.1 to Windows 10. It has TWO "Recovery" partitions.
From an "administrative-level" command-prompt, when I enter the: reagentc /info command, I see:
Recovery Environment: \\?\GLOBALROOT\device\harddisk0\partition2\Recovery\ ...
Note that the "counting" is "zero-origin".
So, "harddisk0" is the first disk-drive,
and "partition2" is the third partition.
The second partition probably is your "C:" partition.
So, is your "large" partition the one that Windows would use, or are the updates trying to access the "smaller" partition?
Installed to a Win10 version from a copy on MS site (Create Windows 10 Media Installation) 1/16/23*.*
Did you boot from the media you created, or did you run the "setup.exe" in the root-folder of the media?
If you repeat the download of the media, you should get Windows, as updated to November 2024 version, or even the December 2024 (released yesterday). Presumably, the failed updates will have already been integrated into this media.
Give it a try.