Had exactly the same problem on an HP laptop. Wasted a lot of my valuable time with it. Like others, I cannot run the update troubleshooter.
I note:
Error messages are cryptic and vastly inadequate - or in this case, non-existent, other than saying the diagnostic can't run, making definitive diagnosis and treatment impossible.
What I see here appears to be suggested trial and error experiments based on speculation and guesswork.
When encountering something that can't run, I wonder why the operating system cannot produce significant error messages as to why.