I'm wondering if you have had any further success. I'm having virtually the same set of issues you have. I have used the MediaCreationTool, I've done the Windows 10 Updater, renamed those directories and stopped/started services. I've done the full restore of Windows back to the factory settings - basically everything all the forums keep repeating, but I still get stuck with "your device is missing important security and quality fixes." I have had the 0xC1900101-0x20017 error as well.
A complete factory reset took me back to a much earlier version of WIndows 10, and it went through a series of updates. I'm now on Version 10.0.18363 Build 18363, with a Hardware Abstraction Layer Version = "10.0.18362.1533". I can't get past that.
Hopefully, there's someone out there that has figured this problem out.