Discovered a couple things today regarding this:
If the domain user account is just a member of the local users group, you won't be able to browse to the server by it's short-name, but FQDN works fine.
Make the domain user account a member of the local admin group and everything works as expected. (obviously not how you want to leave it)
I ended up disconnecting the previous drive mapping via a script and remapping the drive with the FQDN in a login script. This then allowed me to access the share, and if the drive is mapped using the FQDN,
you are then able to browse to the share via the short-name.
So, no clear answer, but a definite work-around.