OK - an update... SUCCESS !
I was able to move my Recovery Partition to the end of my Samsung 980 Pro physical space and upsize it from 577 MB to 1.58 GB using EaseUS Partition Master Pro (30 day license). I'm not sure how big the enlarged Recovery Partition needs to be; but 1.58 GB just happened to be a convenient size for me.
It was a little scary since I'm not at all a fan of Chinese software, but I've been happy with occasional use of EaseUS software over the years, although I admittedly uninstall and deep scan my computer right after using for privacy/security reasons.
I rebooted and tried to reinstall KB5034441 -- and it WORKED ! It did not work until I upsized from 577 MB to 1.58 GB.
I have also successfully re-established Samsung 10% Over Provisioning and Trim settings for my 980 Pro.
Looks like I am back in business, no thanks to Microsoft.