I believe now that this installation bug will not be fixed in subsequent Cumulative Updates.
So the only remedy is a clean install ( with or without keeping apps and data) or an in place upgrade. Both require downloading the latest build using Media Creation Tool and that still is Windows 2004 for now.
Personally I will wait for the the 20H2 build to become available for download because the current build on my PC is already 2004 which is exactly the build choking at these cumulative updates.
This maybe explains the fact that re-installing 2004 does not always solve the issue at hand.
While I dont know if 20H2 will really solve the issue. But I know for sure that this "trial and error" approach of re-installing and in-place repair with 2004 is only going to cause more damage. Have tried and failed multiple times.
Avoid these experiments please - the existing working machine may also fail.