I have been having the exact same issue. I have always (5 plus years) used a USB cable to download my iPhone photos - using Microsoft Photos on Windows 10 (Build 1909), iPhone and iTunes is completely up to date also (although this is not iTunes related).
Until recently - the Microsoft Photos app would know how many photos were new since the last download from my iPhone 11 to new HP EliteOne G5.
Now - I am able to connect to the iPhone via USB, but if I change the drop down option to "download items since last import" - wait 3 seconds - crashes and disappears.
I have literally followed all instructions and I'm thinking about returning this and going to an iMac.
Now - you can't uninstall and reinstall Microsoft Photos without the complicated remove package and then adding it.
Same problems occur.
Resetting never helped. Uninstall grayed out out. Repair doesn't work.
Yes - I have tried numerous USB cords - but the one I normally use doesn't bend, and is still in great condition.
Yes - I have tried other USB ports on the EliteOne all in one desktop - it doesn't help.
This is ruining the whole enjoyment of taking photos on the iphone, and importing them via Microsoft Photos to my desktop. From there - I rename the photo filename to include the date the photo was taken, move it to an album, and then use iTunes to Sync photo albums back into my iPhone.
Ever since Microsoft updated the Microsoft Photos app, on Windows 10, and ever since Microsoft created its own version of iTunes for Windows, is when all these problems started.
Has anyone found a replacement software program that allows you to import items since last import?