Sorry if this has been answered in the previous 10 pages - but wasn't seeing an 'accepted' answer and didn't have time to read them all.
Personally I believe that this is a bug and hope it will be fixed in a future update (and I'm using the latest Win10 20H2 - Oct Update), but what worked for me was enter anything in the search box and hit enter or the search arrow, the search tab then appears and you can then search again with all the full search tab options.
You can also perform more advanced searches using Advanced Query Syntax and operators directly from the search box, some examples:
https://helpdeskgeek.com/windows-10/find-specific-files-in-windows-explorer-with-these-search-tips/
and a more comprehensive list: