Hi JackTRose,
i have the same problem like you and after a lot of searching and waiting i guess found the solution.
Still didn't have the time to try it out, but will do it tonight.
Here:
Ran into this problem also, complaining about old Realtek BT devices but none installed.
First check for non-present devices in Device Manager by enabling hidden items under View/Show hidden devices. If you still don't see your bluetooth device listed, you may have an orphaned driver file like I did.
Check your C:\Windows\System32\drivers folder for the file RtkBtfilter.sys. An old Realtek bluetooth driver, not being used but detected by the updater.
Deleted the file and update was able to continue.
There was nothing logged in the CompatData().xml files as suggested to check here:
https://www.howtogeek.com/416169/how-to-fix-what-needs-your-attention-windows-10-setup-errors/
(I guess because it wasn't installed nor was there any inf file for it.)
Quoted from User BAM on: https://superuser.com/questions/1502848/cannot-update-win-10-to-v1909-realtek-bluetooth-driver-has-to-be-updated/1503280#1503280
Hope it will work out for you!
Greetings from China
Cromson