Do the update again. I recommend doing a backup before doing this, just in case. After the update, sign on with the temporary profile (.000). There should also be a profile with your original username. Somewhere in that original profile something is causing the problem. Usually it's a program or service, such as a .dll, that automatically starts when you sign on. Since those files are in use, Windows Update cannot move or delete those files and the update fails. Make a note of those files. Print or write them down, copy to a USB device, or anything that gives you the filenames.
Now, rollback the update and sign on. See which of the files that you made a note of above can be deleted. If it can be deleted, it's not the problem, and you can restore those deleted files. The ones that can't be deleted are the problem. Again, make a note of those files.
There are several ways to delete those files but I find the easiest is to simply make a local account with administrator privileges. Shut down, restart, and then sign on to the new local account. Since this account has administrator privileges it can edit other profiles. Look in your original profile, find those files that are causing the problem, and delete them. Now Windows Update should work.
After a successful update, delete that local profile you made. It's not needed anymore.