I'm having the same issue with a Logitech H800 headset (and lost the dongle unfortunately, so must use via Bluetooth).
Audio quality is fine while I'm not in any call, and Windows chooses the audio device "Headphones (H800 Logitech Headset Stereo)". When I enter any call it switches to "Headset (H800 Logitech Headset Hands-Free)" with terrible input/output audio quality.
When looking into the "Default format" per profile I see the following (which can't be change):
Headphones (H800 Logitech Headset Stereo): 2 channel, 16 bit, 44100 Hz (CD Quality)
Headset (H800 Logitech Headset Hands-Free): 1 channel, 16 bit, 8000 Hz (Telephone Quality)
I've tried several options from both this topic and suggestions from other sources. I can fix the audio quality during calls by disabling "handsfree mode", which results in the microphone not working. I have also seen some posts about this being a Bluetooth hardware/design limitation, but like said multiple times in this topic: Via Android Bluetooth the audio input/output quality is fine! This has been tested with two different laptops.
Please Microsoft, let us use our Bluetooth headsets in better quality than "Telepone Quality" as above. Or explain why this can't work within Windows.