I found some errors in you log which were the same errors another problematic system had.
Of course I do not understand this one so maybe some research or someone else will know.
Error SP Error converting install time 14/0/218 to structure[gle=0x00000057]
This one happens several times in the log. Perhaps it tries several times to fix it and then gives up. But do you have the C:\User\DefaultAppPool\NTUSER.DAT referenced?
Error [0x0803b6] MIG Can't retrieve group information for user IIS APPPOOL\DefaultAppPool. NetUserGetLocalGroups failed 0x000008AD
Info MIG Adding indirect mapping for HKCU (C:\Users\DefaultAppPool\NTUSER.DAT) to 0x80000003, S-1-5-82-3006700770-424185619-1745488364-794895919-4004696415
This last one is also mentioned several times. It seems to reference something that would have been placed in the folder by the upgrade..
Info CBS Failed to PrivCopy file from \?\C:$WINDOWS.~BT\NewOS\Windows\Servicing\LCU\Package_for_RollupFix~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~18362.239.1.4\update.mum to \?\C:$WINDOWS.~BT\NewOS\Windows\CbsTemp\360_368953\update.mum [HRESULT = 0x80070003 - ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND]
Info CBS Failed to copy manifest:\?\C:$WINDOWS.~BT\NewOS\Windows\Servicing\LCU\Package_for_RollupFix~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~18362.239.1.4\update.mum to private session store: \?\C:$WINDOWS.~BT\NewOS\Windows\CbsTemp\360_368953
[HRESULT = 0x80070003 - ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND]
Info CBS Failed to copy manifest: \?\C:$WINDOWS.~BT\NewOS\Windows\Servicing\LCU\Package_for_RollupFix~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~18362.239.1.4\update.mum to private store and verify the content. [HRESULT = 0x80070003 - ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND]
Info CBS Failed to initialize internal package [HRESULT = 0x80070003 - ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND]
Error CBS Failed to create internal package [HRESULT = 0x80070003 - ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND]
If you get to the point of a reset or clean install, I would try to first install IIS completely, reboot and then either uninstall it or try the upgrade again. If you have the NTUSER.DAT file mentioned in the first error, you might even try removing that entire user or .DAT file, but this is just something I would do and I am fearless..... ;)