What about at the "Microsoft Store device management" page...
account.microsoft.com/devices/content
Microsoft Store Device Management
Does the computer show up there? I think that is the critical page for this. Unfortunately, I think the Store must be used before the computer will show up there. And yours still won't work!
(1) Keep logged in to the Microsoft Account for a while to see whether the Store will finally install well. Try Windows Update on a daily basis. I guess the Store, itself, must come in that way.
(2) Try a few of the things you tried before, like to reregister it & WSReset. Probably another in-place is too much, though.
(3) I'm unsure the Store can be independently downloaded. I can't tell whatthis site is offering...
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=54768
Microsoft Download Center - MS Store