My own DISM.log is peppered with errors such as you've shown. Those must be normal & don't relate to the problem at hand. I got output from that DISM command that did show the characteristics of Install.esd including its language.
However, I do get an error 87 when I use an invalid index number. Let us see your index numbers.
(a) Ensure it is an Administrator Command Prompt.
(b) Ensure you use your own letter.
(c) It's the same DISM but without specifying an index number.
C:\WINDOWS\system32>DISM /Get-WimInfo /WimFile:E:\Sources\Install.esd
Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
Version: 10.0.18362.1
Details for image : E:\Sources\Install.esd
Index : 1
Name : Windows 10 Home
Description : Windows 10 Home
Size : 14,229,531,906 bytes
Index : 2
Name : Windows 10 Home N
Description : Windows 10 Home N
Size : 13,421,299,617 bytes
Index : 3
Name : Windows 10 Home Single Language
Description : Windows 10 Home Single Language
Size : 14,228,939,169 bytes
Index : 4
Name : Windows 10 Education
Description : Windows 10 Education
Size : 14,506,333,120 bytes
Index : 5
Name : Windows 10 Education N
Description : Windows 10 Education N
Size : 13,698,295,738 bytes
Index : 6
Name : Windows 10 Pro
Description : Windows 10 Pro
Size : 14,506,477,853 bytes
Index : 7
Name : Windows 10 Pro N
Description : Windows 10 Pro N
Size : 13,698,681,806 bytes
The operation completed successfully
If it fails to work, use CTRL-A & CTRL-C to copy the full contents of the Command Prompt & post it. Also post the full contents of the bottom of the DISM log between <----- Starting Dism.exe session -----> & <----- Ending Dism.exe session ----->. Mine is below, & the errors in it did not prevent the outpu.
If it works, then use the proper index number in the original command. But I don't know why yours should be different.
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: <----- Starting Dism.exe session ----->
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE:
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Host machine information: OS Version=10.0.18362, Running architecture=amd64, Number of processors=4
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Dism.exe version: 10.0.18362.1
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Executing command line: DISM /Get-WimInfo /WimFile:E:\Sources\Install.esd
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM Provider Store: PID=2296 TID=7856 Getting the collection of providers from a local provider store type. - CDISMProviderStore::GetProviderCollection
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM Provider Store: PID=2296 TID=7856 Connecting to the provider located at C:\WINDOWS\system32\Dism\FolderProvider.dll. - CDISMProviderStore::Internal_LoadProvider
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Warning DISM DISM Provider Store: PID=2296 TID=7856 Failed to load the provider: C:\WINDOWS\system32\Dism\SiloedPackageProvider.dll. - CDISMProviderStore::Internal_GetProvider(hr:0x8007007e)
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM Provider Store: PID=2296 TID=7856 Connecting to the provider located at C:\WINDOWS\system32\Dism\FfuProvider.dll. - CDISMProviderStore::Internal_LoadProvider
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM Provider Store: PID=2296 TID=7856 Connecting to the provider located at C:\WINDOWS\system32\Dism\WimProvider.dll. - CDISMProviderStore::Internal_LoadProvider
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM Provider Store: PID=2296 TID=7856 Connecting to the provider located at C:\WINDOWS\system32\Dism\VHDProvider.dll. - CDISMProviderStore::Internal_LoadProvider
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM Provider Store: PID=2296 TID=7856 Connecting to the provider located at C:\WINDOWS\system32\Dism\ImagingProvider.dll. - CDISMProviderStore::Internal_LoadProvider
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Warning DISM DISM Provider Store: PID=2296 TID=7856 Failed to load the provider: C:\WINDOWS\system32\Dism\MetaDeployProvider.dll. - CDISMProviderStore::Internal_GetProvider(hr:0x8007007e)
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Got the collection of providers. Now enumerating them to build the command table.
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Attempting to add the commands from provider: DISM Log Provider
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Attempting to add the commands from provider: FolderManager
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Attempting to add the commands from provider: FfuManager
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Succesfully registered commands for the provider: FfuManager.
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Attempting to add the commands from provider: WimManager
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Succesfully registered commands for the provider: WimManager.
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Attempting to add the commands from provider: VHDManager
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Attempting to add the commands from provider: GenericImagingManager
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Succesfully registered commands for the provider: GenericImagingManager.
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: Image session has been closed. Reboot required=no.
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE:
2019-08-01 00:20:52, Info DISM DISM.EXE: <----- Ending Dism.exe session ----->