Good work! I began by looking at DISM and then switched to doing the same in PowerShell, not realizing that PowerShell was disabled.
I wonder if installing PowerShell 6, which is a small download, would work? I was actually trying the commands in PowerShell 6.
The repair via upgrade that Roger suggested might be the simplest.
I also wondered if a DISM repair would help.
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
You can also list the FeatureNames with DISM in order to get the syntax right, but I will need to look that up, or use DISM /Online /?.