I spent a lot of time working through this with earlier builds, which is documented throughout this long thread, along with some approaches that worked for others in some cases. I have never seen the error happen on its own myself, but I was able to replicate
the symptoms by completely uninstalling all of these using PowerShell. The end result is the same abnormal list in the OptionalFeatures.exe list.
What you are seeing with missing .NET packages is common when this state is encountered. The problem appears to be that there are parent features to these .NET packages, which are not auto-installed by the DISM commands. I was at one point thinking that
uninstalling the latest .NET Cumulative Update prior to doing the commands to install NetFx3 and the others would help, but when I last tested this, I was not able to do that. The fix -- installing NetFx3~~~~ Capability and then the others, still seemed to
work. I did see some errors, but enough of the long command worked that it enabled the rest to be installed using the normal Control Panel Inerface (OptionalFeatures.exe).
You could try uninstalling the NetFx3~~~~ Capability and then reinstalling again. See if you can then install the latest .NET CU. Documentation that I read indicated that installing as a Capability, rather than using the /Add-Package DISM commands was the
best way to do this. To uninstall NetFx3~~~~ try:
DISM /Online /Remove-Capability /CapabilityName:NetFx3~~~~
For some, what worked was to upgrade to a recent Windows Insider build of Windows 10. To try that, you could join a device to the Windows Insider Program and join the Slow Ring to get build 19041. If you are not on Insider builds already, you will be running
pre-release builds for Windows 10 Version 2004, due this Spring, so that has some associated risks.