Definitely still an issue with a fresh install of 18362.175 (on a fresh SSD to boot)
Was able to uninstall the KB4495620 update but attempting to run the DISM command resulted in Error: 14081 The referenced assembly could not be found.
This took over a week of digging to even get to this thread. It's not an easily identifiable issue as most programs that rely on .NET compatibility components are not throwing errors that indicate this is what's wrong. Worse, there are a lot of instructions and installation options to download various versions of .NET but they're basically all pointless since you literally are unable to do so but instead must enable it through optional features. This is outrageous that I must hop on a beta branch in order to get a fix so at least 3 applications can work prior to Spring 2020.