Unfortunately, this only worked on build 18362.86 (after the problem was first replicated on that same build, by using PowerShell to disable & remove all Optional Features).
I tried, on the same device, reverting to 18362.30 and doing this removal and repair again, but it did not work. Also, I then upgraded (with .NET already gone) to 18362.86 and I cannot Enable .NET.
From what I have read, .NET issues have sometimes only been repairable if any subsequent KB update is first uninstalled. So once .NET has failed, or has been removed, and a new KB has been installed, you can't fix it.
The CBS and DISM logs indicate missing Parent Features, which prevent the remaining, listed .NET Features from being Enabled.