The command "DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth" took a while to run but ultimately made no difference.
The installed features includes these .NET features that we're trying to enable & they're the same as your PowerShell listing. There is no mention of feature "NetFx4-AdvSrvs" from your powershell listing. I wonder if this is the missing "parent feature"?
Feature Name : Microsoft-Windows-NetFx3-OC-Package
State : Disabled
Feature Name : Microsoft-Windows-NetFx4-US-OC-Package
State : Disabled
Feature Name : Microsoft-Windows-NetFx3-WCF-OC-Package
State : Disabled
Feature Name : Microsoft-Windows-NetFx4-WCF-US-OC-Package
State : Disabled