WOW! That WORKED!
I am surprised. I thought I was going to have to wait for microsoft to either fix the Update or wait for the 1903 version, but it worked. I, too, had gone through some investigation, testing, and troubleshooting with no resolution.
The error I had installing KB4495667 was 0x8024000b followed by 0x80070005 on the next install attempt (of several attempts).
I checked the results of the scan, and there were 18,000 minor errors in CHKDSK
Stage 3: Security Descriptors Test.
Here is the relevant message from CHKDSK (from the Event Log):
Stage 3: Examining security descriptors ...
Cleaning up 18583 unused index entries from index $SII of file 0x9.
Cleaning up 18583 unused index entries from index $SDH of file 0x9.
Cleaning up 18583 unused security descriptors.
CHKDSK is compacting the security descriptor stream
Security descriptor verification completed.
88614 data files processed.
So, thanks for posting this fix.
UPDATE:
I failed to note that I had Win 10 Ver 1809 at update level 2019-03.
Also, just for clarification, I ran CHKDSK, with the parameters as detailed in
MonikaPetek's post of May 08:
CHKDSK in an ADMIN prompt:
chkdsk c: /sdcleanup /offlinescanandfix
Thanks again, Monika.