I am having the same problem. It seems to be caused by the Insider Preview build 18.101.0520.0002 of OneDrive. I tried downgrading, however OneDrive promptly updated itself after a few restarts and vanished. This is a huge issue for me as I need OneDrive synchronizing for my school work, and the online versions is simply not good enough and often causes errors, or is simply too inconvenient to use.
I would definitely appreciate being able to do my work again.
A quick, temporary solution I have found is by copying OneDrive.exe from the 18.101.0520.0002 folder into the main OneDrive folder at %localappdata%\Microsoft\OneDrive and running it. It isn't permanent, but at least it works for now...